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Equations for light intensity4/23/2024 Generating of coherent radiation by a relativistic electron beam in an ondulator. A MHz-repetition-rate hard X-ray free-electron laser driven by a superconducting linear accelerator. A compact and cost-effective hard X-ray free-electron laser driven by a high-brightness and low-energy electron beam. Hard X-ray free-electron laser with femtosecond-scale timing jitter. A compact X-ray free-electron laser emitting in the sub-ångström region. First lasing and operation of an ångstrom-wavelength free-electron laser. Tantalus I: a dedicated storage ring synchrotron radiation source. Radiation from electrons in a synchrotron. Our results, which demonstrate the realization of stable ultraintense XFEL beams by forming demagnified source images, hold immediate significance to a wide range of research fields, including atomic, molecular and optical physics and high-energy-density sciences.Įlder, F. The attained highly intense X-rays, surpassing the previous intensity by a hundred-fold, induced the vigorous ionization of chromium, suggesting the creation of solid-density heavy bare atomic nuclei. This was made possible by a scheme combining concave and convex X-ray mirrors with suppressed aberrations and high angular tolerances. Here we present an approach that directly forms a source image in an extremely small focal spot, achieving 7 nm focusing, in both transverse dimensions, of 9.1 keV XFELs with the extremely high intensity of 1.45 × 10 22 W cm − 2. Aberrations arising from reflective optical schemes noticeably degrade the focal spot, even in the presence of inevitably slight angular transition and pointing errors. Although X-ray focusing optics to enhance the intensity have progressed, achieving a single-nanometre focal spot that fully exploits the source performance remains elusive. In the regime of extremely short wavelengths, X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) with exceptional peak brilliance have unveiled crucial details about the structures, dynamics and physics of various materials. Kazuto Yamauchi ORCID: /0000-0001-7831-9423 1, 4īy illuminating matter with bright and intense light, researchers gain insights into material composition and properties.Extreme focusing of hard X-ray free-electron laser pulses enables 7 nm focus width and 10 22 W cm − 2 intensity
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